VIX vs Fed Balance Sheet
VIX (CBOE VIXCLS) closed at 18.71 on April 24, 2026 while WALCL, the Wednesday level of total Federal Reserve assets, sits at $6.7 trillion after the FOMC formally ended quantitative tightening on December 1, 2025. The pair reads the central bank as the marginal volatility seller: when the Fed is buying duration the convex put under risk assets is structurally cheap, and when it is shrinking the book that put becomes more expensive.
Also known as: VIX (fear index, volatility index, CBOE VIX) · Fed Balance Sheet (Fed BS, balance sheet, QE, QT)
Why This Comparison Matters
VIX (CBOE VIXCLS) closed at 18.71 on April 24, 2026 while WALCL, the Wednesday level of total Federal Reserve assets, sits at $6.7 trillion after the FOMC formally ended quantitative tightening on December 1, 2025. The pair reads the central bank as the marginal volatility seller: when the Fed is buying duration the convex put under risk assets is structurally cheap, and when it is shrinking the book that put becomes more expensive. The 2008-2014 QE cycles compressed the VIX 30-day average from 32 to 13. The 2022-2025 QT cycle removed $2.4 trillion from WALCL, and over the same window VIX averaged 18.4 versus 16.1 during 2014-2021. The April 2026 configuration sits in a new hybrid regime: QT is over but the Fed is reinvesting agency MBS paydowns into T-bills rather than coupons, a mild liquidity tailwind that has held VIX inside a 14-22 range despite Iran-war headlines.
What VIXCLS and WALCL each measure and where they come from
VIXCLS is the daily close of the CBOE Volatility Index, computed from the variance swap implied by out-of-the-money S&P 500 options with constant 30-day maturity. CBOE publishes the methodology paper that defines the strip-and-weight calculation, and FRED republishes the daily series as VIXCLS with a one-business-day lag. WALCL is the H.4.1 Wednesday level of total Federal Reserve System assets less consolidation eliminations, released by the Board of Governors every Thursday at 4:30pm ET and mirrored on FRED.
The two series live on different clocks. VIX is a real-time fear gauge that prints every 15 seconds during cash equity hours; WALCL is a weekly snapshot of a $6.7 trillion balance sheet whose composition (Treasuries roughly $4.2 trillion, agency MBS roughly $2.2 trillion, repo facilities and other assets making up the residual) shifts on a multi-month frequency rather than intraday. That clock mismatch is the entire reason the pair carries information: the market reprices volatility before WALCL can register the policy response, and the gap between the two sequences is what cross-asset desks track.
How QE1, QE2, QE3, and pandemic QE moved the VIX 30-day average
QE1 (November 2008 to March 2010) added $1.7 trillion to WALCL. The VIX 30-day average fell from 65.4 in November 2008 to 17.9 by March 2010, a 47-point compression. QE2 (November 2010 to June 2011) added $600 billion and pushed the VIX 30-day average from 22 to 16. QE3 (September 2012 to October 2014) was the longest cycle, adding $1.6 trillion and holding the VIX 30-day average inside an 11-15 range almost continuously, producing the lowest sustained volatility regime since the 2005-2006 housing boom.
Pandemic QE was the most dramatic episode. Between March 11 and June 10, 2020, WALCL expanded from $4.31 trillion to $7.16 trillion, a $2.85 trillion increase in 13 weeks. The VIX peaked at 82.7 on March 16, 2020 and was back inside 28 by June 10, the fastest re-anchoring of implied volatility on record. The Fed's announcement of the corporate credit facilities on March 23 was the inflection point in both spot VIX and the VIX term structure backwardation.
Conditional Forward Response (Tail Events)
How Fed Balance Sheet has historically behaved in the 5 sessions following a top-decile or bottom-decile daily move in VIX. Computed from 257 aligned daily observations ending .
Following these triggers, Fed Balance Sheet falls 0.17% on average over the next 5 sessions, versus an unconditional baseline of -0.45%. 26 qualifying events; Fed Balance Sheet closed positive in 35% of them.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Where is WALCL right now and how did it get there?+
WALCL stood at approximately $6.7 trillion on the H.4.1 release covering April 23, 2026, up modestly from the $6.55 trillion December 2025 trough. The Fed ended quantitative tightening on December 1, 2025 and now reinvests all agency MBS principal payments into Treasury bills, which is technically a reserve-management posture rather than QE. The peak of $8.95 trillion was set on April 13, 2022 before the June 2022 QT start, so the runoff totaled $2.4 trillion across 41 months.
Did QT make VIX higher than it would otherwise have been?+
On average yes, but the effect was modest. The VIX 30-day average ran 18.4 during the QT window versus 16.1 during the prior QE3 and pandemic-QE composite period, a roughly 2.3-point premium. Cross-asset research from the New York Fed staff and CME Group estimated the implied-vol premium at roughly 1.5 to 3 points across the 2022-2024 cycle, consistent with the realized differential. The premium was concentrated in October 2023 when MOVE breached 140 and VIX printed 23.
Why did pandemic QE compress VIX so quickly?+
WALCL expanded from $4.31 trillion on March 11, 2020 to $7.16 trillion on June 10, 2020, a $2.85 trillion expansion in 13 weeks. The Fed's March 23, 2020 announcement of the Primary and Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facilities was the inflection point: VIX peaked at 82.7 on March 16, was back inside 50 by month-end, and inside 28 by June 10. The speed and size of the balance-sheet expansion exceeded GFC QE1, which had taken 16 months to add a similar amount.
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